New Pages Added to The Art Story

Gertrude Stein was an American writer and supporter of the arts whose Paris salons were key sites for avant-garde art in the early twentieth century. She built one of the earliest collections of modern art, including works by Matisse, Picasso, Gris, and others.

Beaux Arts architecture was popularized in Paris in the nineteenth century. The style became popular worldwide, including in America, before Art Deco became the prevailing style.

Brutalism was a movement in modern architecture responsible for some of the most striking building designs of the twentieth century.

In 1980s East Village of New York City young artists, misfits, and rebels came together to create graffiti, collage, and DIY sculpture.

Matthew Barney creates films based on performance and body art, most notably in his Drawing Restraint series and the five-film Cremaster Cycle.

Vivian Maier is often referred to as the Mary Poppins of Street Photography as she was working as a nanny while creating an large and imaginitive collection of photographs.

Relational Aesthetics focuses on artwork that produces a temporary environment or event in which viewers could participate in order to assimilate and comprehend the artist's message or idea.

Roger Fry was a scholar of the old masters and French Impressionism, and also a champion of early-20th century British modern art. He coined the term "Post-Impressionism" and he was also a painter himself.

The feminist artist Suzanne Lacy works accross the spectrum of media to affect real, impactful change in the world.

Foster is arguably the world's most influential living architect recognized chiefly for his jewel-like modern designs of steel and glass.

George Brecht's artworks and musical compositions offered a different edge than the artists of the time and Neo-Dada peers. And he made important works constructed from everyday objects designed for viewer interaction.

Shepard Fairey is one of the most influential and best-known Street and Graffiti artist who became more widely known in the 2008 U.S. presidential election, specifically for his Barack Obama "Hope" poster.

André Masson was one of the pioneers of Surrealism. He specialized in dreamscapes of writhing mythological figures and tortured natural forms.

Guillaume Apollinaire was a French writer and art critic who advanced the avant-garde Cubists including Pablo Picasso, André Breton and Henri Rousseau. He is also credited with coining the term "Surrealism."

Assemblage is a style of sculpture inspired by the idea of introducing pre-existing, non-art objects into an art context. Although one can find precedents for the approach in the work of Duchamp and Picasso, it flourished as a tendency in the 1950s and 1960s, and continues to be a prominent techinique today.

Sean Scully is an Irish-American painter who creates abstracted architectural constructions and emotionally-charged canvases that are often painted in colored stripes.

Henri Laurens, after meeting Cubists Picasso, Braque, and Gris, Laurens began making Cubism-inspired sculptures, which were among his most important works.

Pontormo was a Renaissance and Mannerist master famous for religious scenes, praised for perceptive portraits.

Sergei Diaghilev took early 20th century Europe by storm with his modern dance company, the Ballet Russes. The company rapidly became known, not just for their ballet, but also for their sets and costumes and the impact of Diaghilev's artistic vision can still be felt today in both the art and dance worlds. Charming, ruthless, and powerful, Diaghilev identified and nurtured talent across a range of genres from design to composition and choreography, bringing household names such as Stravinsky to prominence and launching the careers of a number of highly influential dancers. He also worked with more established artists and designers including Coco Chanel, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miro, and Andre Derain giving them an outlet for new ideas. In doing so, he ensured that the Ballet Russes remained at the forefront of the avant garde for two decades through a turbulent period of history.

The avant-garde artist Bruce Conner innovated in the of mediums: assemblage, sculpture, painting, photography and short film.

Wyndham Lewis was an important British modernist and founded the Vorticist movement, a politicallypolarizing figure.

The Renaissance painter Annibale Carracci emerged as one of the most dynamic and respected painters of sixteenth century Italy.

The Independent Group led to the establishment of British Pop Art by responding and critiquing American-style advertising and movies.

The Analytic phase of the Cubism movement focused on fracturing the depiction of subjects almost to complete abstraction.

The Synthetic phase of the Cubism movement embraced a broader palette, simpler geometric planes, and less abstracted subjects while experimenting with collage and other techniques.

David Park was an American painter who helped establish the Bay Area Figurative School that focused on using representative figures as well as natural shapes and forms.

Homer was best known for his marine landscape paintings, and also for capturing the everyday life of the American people during times of war and leisure.

Maillol sculpted powerful and balanced statues of female nudes that avoided the flowing, romantic, sculptures that were popular in his time.

The term Old Masters refers to eminent European artists from the Renaissance through to early modernism.

George Condo masterfully combines the classical portraiture with a mischievous humor that often draws on Pop cartoons.

Concrete Poetry is a type of poetry or language-based art in which the way words and letters are visually presented is as important as what they mean.

Philip Pearlstein turned his attentions to figurative studies of the human body, led a revival of realism and are considered some of the finest of the twentieth century.

Sarah Lucas sculptures feature found objects, collage, photography, puns, and "bawdy" humor through which she critiques misogyny, voyeurism, and society's view of the female body.

The self-taught painter Wallis created exuberant seascapes and nautical scenes have energy and verve of modern art, with their expressionistic use of shape, color, and brushstroke

Georges Rouault's powerful and often-dark preferred painting motifs included depictions of clowns, prostitutes, and religious subjects.

Contemporary artist Julie Mehretu is known for her large-scale dynamic canvases made in dense layers of paint, ink and pencil, and which are inspired by diverse sources such as architectural drawings.

Photomontage is essentially a single artwork combined of two+ photos, produced to encourage audiences to consider the relationship between the grouped images.

Modersohn-Becker's groundbreaking life and expressionist art expose the restrictions imposed on women in the twentieth century.

Direct Carving is the sculptural approach pioneered by Brâncuși that rejected the established sculptural practice.

Bronzino is a giant amongst Mannerists; an elegant and serene Master of portraiture whose painting embodied the genteel beliefs of the Medici.

The German term Gesamtkunstwerk describes an artwork, design, or creative process where multiple art forms are combined to create a single whole.

Advocates for medium specificity demanded that each art concentrate on that which made it unique. In painting's case, it was its "flatness" that made it distinct.

Ruskin is considered the father of modern art criticism, and was also a true polymath - a talented watercolorist, teacher, and geologist. He informed the Pre-Raphaelites, and influenced many important art topics.

Repin was the most influential Russian realist painter of the 19th century, embraced internationally, and by the pre and post Russian Revolution rulers.

American abstract artist Richard Anuszkiewicz developed innovated with the geometric investigations and visual effects thereby leading the Op Art movement.

Brown's contemporary canvases reimagine the history of art, making references to famous works and popular culture.

Best remembered for his intricate, satirical, and infamous series of prints, Hogarth mastered a range of styles and genres.

Fascinated by the the supernatural, Henry Fuseli's created dramatic illustrations of otherworldly scenes and creatures, ideas ultimately culminating in the Surrealism movement.

Bourke-White was an intrepid adventurer at the very center of challenging historical events. Her photographs gained international recognition.

Zurbarán's paintings exemplified Spain's devotional style to which he brought powerful elements of Italian portraiture.

American painter Grandma Moses grew to fame due to perseverance, childlike enthusiasm, and an unwavering appreciation of life's small joys.

Fantin-Latour is best known for his still-lifes and group portraits - especially of the Impressionists, that were his friends, and other Parisian artists and writers.

The important Renaissance painter Mantegna' work pay equal homage to Roman imperial rulers and Christian saints, and exude chiaroscuro hardness and soft, naturalistic delicacy.

The inspiring painter Luchita Hurtado finally gained recognition after many years of friendships+ with numerous modern artists.

The visionary artist Leonard Knight built his life-long work, Salvation Mountain, in the California desert spreading his messages of love and salvation.

Fabritius's few, but iconic paintings show the Dutch Golden Age painter a master of compositional illusionism and narrational ambiguity.

Tuymans, one of the world's most influential painters, offers eerie figurative works that transform people and events from our global news and cultural feeds.

Rebecca Belmore's performance and conceptual works are infused with a sense of distress and displacement experienced by Indigenous peoples.

The co-founder of Synchromism, Stanton Macdonald-Wright was a pioneer American abstractionist and avant-garde influencer.

Primarily a landscape painter, George Inness was known as a master of light, color, and shadow who was capable of eliciting great depth of feeling, mood, and atmosphere in his works.

The greatest American painter of the eighteenth century, Copley's his portraits helped mark America's "coming of age" as an independent nation.

Sculptor Antony Gormley is well known for casts of his own body, which are then placed in wonderous locations throughout the world.

George Bellows was an artist known for his realist, Ashcan School depictions of daily life in New York, in particular his boxing scenes.

Hokusai screen prints of "ephemeral" pleasures are widely recognized far beyond Japan for their compositions and use of perspective.

Both celebrated and condemned for his sensual and epic paintings, Hans Makart influenced Klimt and Austrian art.

Fighting racism and the damaging stereotypes imposed on African-American culture, the artist David Hammons reclaims objects and language that gave rise to unfair narratives.

Vrubel's ground-breaking works challenged orthodoxies within Russian art, connecting him to the avant-garde of Europe, including the likes of Gustav Klimt.

The feminist artist Mary Kelly was a ground-breaking postmodernist and committed activist who preferred a multi-year, project-based pieces.

The controversial photographer Spencer Tunick brings together large crowds of people, tells them to undress, and then directs them to pose in a particular way resulting in powerful scenes.

The German Holbein painted and made prints in the Northern-Renaissance style. He is best known for his sixteenth-century portraits, especially of his famous patron, King Henry VIII.

Emphesizing drama and depth, the Renaissance techniques of Chiaroscuro, Tenebrism, and Sfumato allowed artists like Caravaggio, Leonardo da Vinci, and Rembrandt to illuminate visual narratives out from the shadows.

The contemporary paintings Neo Rauch focus on timidity, hesitancy, and reflection, and as such, certain sensitivity that is often rare in this age.

The British Isles have been hosts to some of the most important art movements and are home to top modern and contemporary artists.

Capa used a small 35MM camera to get close to wars and close to his subjects, thus able to show the devastating effects of violence

Elaine de Kooning's art fused abstraction with mythology, primitive imagery, and realism that continues to receive increasing critical attention.

Renaissance Humanism, the focus on individuals, not the centrality of the church, and on a rediscovery of the humanities, powerfully influenced the Renaissance.

The Minimalist painter Robert Mangold turned to a brighter, bolder color palette that influenced the next generation of Post-Minimalist.

The European avant-garde Situationist International group engineered radically different situations from which to reflect upon society and culture.

Tillmans' contemporary photographs take on the shocking or the marginalized and make it simple and beautiful.

One of the foremost practitioners of Neo-Impressionism, Henri-Edmond Cross produced work that played a pivotal role in the development of twentieth century modernism.

Rublev's exquisite icons and frescoes rank him as the most important of all the late medieval Russian masters.

Metaphysical Painting, led by De Chirico and Carrà, was inspired by those enigmatic moments when ordinary awareness becomes suspended and its as if we have stepped out of time.

The "quiet man" of the Young British Artists, Fairhurst's was a sophisticated, understated, and powerfully thoughtful practice.

Archipenko, the seminal influence in 20th century sculpture- he was fascinated with the contours of the female form and borrowed on many world influences.

The self-taught Niko Pirosmani illustrated the traditions, environments, and culture of his native Georgia.

Peyton's charismatic portraits include glamorous artists, New York scene-sters, literary characters, or regular people.

Norman Rockwell was a hugely popular painter and illustrator and he is most famous for the cover illustrations of everyday life for The Saturday Evening Post magazine.

Valadon was a model, friend, and lover to some of the most famous artists, as well as a groundbreaking artist in her own right.

Reynolds triumphed in British portraiture creating fashionable, large-scale paintings of high society.

William Kentridge stands assured as an exciting visual artist, a profound philosopher, and a subtle symbol for peace.

Arte Povera, Italian for "poor art", was one of the most influential avant-garde movements to emerge in the 1960s.

Artist Helen Chadwick reveled in the presentation of aspects of bodily life usually considered inappropriate for public viewing and made a mark on Contemporary Art.

Düsseldorf School photographer Struth was fundamental in elevating imagery from to the traditions of August Sander and New Objectivity movement.

The painter Max Liebermann is both a forerunner of German Impressionism and the founder of the influential Berlin Secession.

Tintoretto decorated massive interiors of great halls and sprawling ceilings, with scenes that threaten to break pictorial space and enter the physical world.

The Düsseldorf School, also known simply as the Becher School, set new standards for art photography.

The Capital Realists Richter, Polke, Konrad+ shared a critical stance toward the invasion of American consumerism into West Germany.

Pauline Boty's artistic practice was innovative, engaging and essential to the development of British Pop Art.

Architect Louis Sullivan pioneered modern design principles with an Art Nouveau flair - defining the approach "form follows function".

First woman to break the glass ceiling of the "Starchitect" universe, Hadid has joined the ranks of the great architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier