New Pages Added to The Art Story

Carsten Höller's interactive artworks break down the divide between art, personal space, and sensory experience.

Carlo Carra was a leading figure of the Futurist movement that flourished in Italy during the beginning of the twentieth century. In addition to his many paintings, he wrote a number of books on art.

Clausell is Mexico's pre-eminent Impressionists focusing on the country's national parks, canals, and seascapes.

Ruysch is the celebrated painter of still lifes and flower pieces to emerge during the Dutch Golden Age.

The histories, themes, and styles of African Art are as diverse as the communities and cultures that traverse the continent.

Artists of color, LGBTQ+ artists, and women have used their art to stage and display experiences of identity and community.

Raymond Duchamp-Villon was, if not the first, then certainly the most successful, in applying Cubist principles to three-dimensional works. His sculptures employed geometric forms that brought his figures - human and animal - to the brink of pure abstraction. Through his fluid contours, Duchamp-Villon also succeeded in achieving a sense of dynamism and movement that was redolent of both the Cubists and the Italian Futurists . He enjoyed a close working relationship with his brothers, Marcel Duchamp, and Jacques Villon, and as a key member of the Puteaux Group, Duchamp-Villon was one of the most important practitioners and advocates for Cubism as it was introduced to the world in the early years of the 20th century. Indeed, shortly before his career and life was cut short by a combination of war and disease, he played a key role in two of the most important and influential exhibitions of the entire twentieth century: the Section d'Or, in Paris (1912), and the Armory Show, in New York (1913).

Signorelli is undoubtedly most revered for his rendering of figures in action and his unparalleled mastery of the human anatomy which came to full fruition with his world renowned Orvieto frescoes. Such was his reputation, he formed part of an elite group of artists summoned by Pope Sixtus IV to decorate the walls of the Sistine Chapel. Possibly because of the ignominy of being unceremoniously replaced by Raphael on a subsequent Vatican Palace commission, his later works are - with one or two outstanding exceptions - considered comparatively fatigued and pedestrian (and likely finished by the hands of assistants). But for his major works, he was, in the words of Giorgio Vasari, an artist who "with his profound mastery of design, particularly in nudes, and with his grace in invention and in the composition of scenes, opened to the majority of craftsmen the way to the final perfection of art".

The Mexican painter and printmaker Rufino Tamayo stayed away from pro-revolution political statements preferring to promote ideas of personal freedom and liberty

Ford Madox Brown was best-known for his paintings of historical and moral subjects. Although he used vivid colors and realism in his works, Brown was not a member of the original Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, but instead a friend and inspiration of many of its members.

Glenn Ligon is one of the most astute observers and commentators on race, sexuality, and history in America.

Cave Art (or Paleolithic Art) is a broad term for the earliest known art-making in human history.

The artist and sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti is credited with creating one of the greatest masterpieces in Renaissance Italian art, the east doors for the Baptistery in Florence Cathedral.

The American artist Tyree Guyton transformed his devastated Detroit neighborhood into a living art gallery.

After the dominance of Abstract Expressionism a group of artists with disparate styles and approaches pointed the way forward.

As a newspaper reporter, photographer, and social reformer, Riis rattled the conscience of Americans with his descriptions - pictorial and written - of New York's slum conditions.

The most important artist of the Protestant Reformation, Lucas Cranach the Elder court portraiture and woodcuts helped the religion become the major movement within Christianity in sixteenth century Europe.

A founding members of Die Brücke group, Heckel was instrumental in putting Expressionism on the map of twentieth century modernism.

Horst P. Horst was a pioneer of fashion and portrait photography and a key figure in the development of 20th century photography as a whole.

Lawrence Weiner was one of the pioneers of text-as-art. His use of language is notable for its lyricism, its inquisitive engagement with the material world around it, and its playful visual forms.

The architect and sculptor Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the foundational figures of the Italian Renaissance.

The Renessance painter Paolo Uccello pioneered visual perspective and blended a mathematical approach to compositions with more decorative qualities.

Painting in a distinct style known as "Boterismo," Botero depicts his subjects as disproportionately round often infusing them with irony or amplifying a political bend.

An iconic photographer as well as a filmmaker, David Bailey revolutionized fashion photography and portraiture by introducing a new informality to portraiture and street imagery.

Roland Barthes is France's best-known essayist and literary critic and his Post-structuralism (or Deconstructionism) ideas have been wide-reaching and have had a profound impact on how we interpret artworks.

The Mexican painter María Izquierdo brought indigenous motifs into her art and gave them new layers of meanings.

Henry Ossawa Tanner moved to France and became the first African American man to achieve international acclaim as a painter.

The leader of the Ashcan School, the painter Robert Henri pave the way for the development of twentieth-century American Realism.

Bierstadt is one of America's greatest landscape artists who made epic panoramas of the untamed American West that proved immensely popular with the American public.

The sculptor and painter Menashe Kadishman established himself in the movements of Minimalism, Conceptual Art, and Neo-Expressionism before focusing on themes of Jewish heritage and familial sacrifice.

The Iranian mosaic artist Monir Farmanfarmaian - a vibrant, adventurous individual - connected her Persian background with avant-garde postmodernism.

The Painter and Mosaicist Cimabue took the lead role in the transition from the medieval/Byzantine to the modern era of Italian art.

With his torqued figures in suits and dresses caught as if mid-fall, Robert Longo's art unpacked popular imagery for contemporary audiences.

Paul Cadmus was a pioneer of Queer Art who with an incisive, satirical gaze, depicted scenes from modern American life in all of its beautiful and grotesque details.

The Northern Renaissance artist Matthias Grünewald painted the mystical spiritual style of late medieval, religious European art.

American Realist artist Ivan Albright focused his detailed paintings on mortality and the fragility of human life.

Tàpies created thick surfaces built up from harsh matterials unearthing of primal forms, becoming a major influence on modern painting.

The Environmental artist Alan Sonfist has explored issues of ecological deterioration, preservation, and what would later be understood as "climate change" via methods of the naturalist, historian, and urban planner.

Correggio, a preeminent Renaissance painter, created powerful pictorial drama that anticipated the emergence of the Baroque and Rococo styles.

Cuban artist Tania Bruguera creates challenging performative works, as well as community outreach programs that are central to contemporary political art.

Christo and Jeanne-Claude large-scale installations stand out as some of the greatest achievements in site-specific art.

Jacques Villon excelled Belle Époque printmaking before advancing the rise of Cubism.

Antonio Canova drew inspiration from Greek and Roman art to become the leading and iconic sculptors of Neoclassicism.

Whether a statue in a town square or a rough guerrilla-style marking Public Art engages with audiences outside of galleries and museums.

The Cuban artist Wifredo Lam was a trailblazer who helped open up mid-century modern art to Black historical awareness+.

Boltanski focus on memory, the holocaust, mortality, and mourning made him a leader within the Conceptual Art and Post-Minimalism movements.

Fra Filippo Lippi, one of the great masters of the Early Renaissance, combined traditions of devotional art and humanist influences.

Vito Acconci boundary-pushing performances used powerful language, audience engagement, and sex and eroticism to create innovative viewing situations.

The movement of Impressionism, which originated in France, was concerned with capturing the momentary impression made by a visual scene on the artist's eye. It took hold in Britain both through continental influences and independent lines of development, from J.M.W. Turner's expressive seascapes to the delicate night scenes of James Abbott McNeill Whistler. Whistler's work of the 1860s-80s had a profound impact on a younger generation of painters such as Walter Sickert and Philip Wilson Steer, who were involved in creating the defining networks and events of British Impressionism, including the New English Art Club and the London Impressionists exhibition, towards the end of the 1880s. Meanwhile, another group of Whistler's acolytes in Scotland, the Glasgow Boys, developed a distinctive Impressionist-influenced style equally indebted to the Naturalism of Jules Bastien-Lepage. While all this was happening, British artists were also developing vital and sustaining creative relationships with French contemporaries and masters, such as Sickert with Degas, which also fed into the evolution of British Impressionism.

A muse to no fewer than three of is key members - Paul Éluard, Max Ernst, and Salvador Dalí - Gala Dalí grew into an astute critic and uncompromising businesswoman.

Mengs was regarded by many in his day as Europe's most important painter and he was a strong advocate of formal arts education and national art academies with many of his former pupils going on to achieve prominent positions in Academies of Europe.

Bosch is the visionary painter most celebrated for his detail-drenched and narrative renditions.

American Realism is a tendency that has traveled the timeline of American history and through its various manifestations such as Hudson River School, Ashcan School, Regionalism, and Photorealism, having shaped America's identity as a nation.

Definition of Art for Art's Sake idea and uses in the history of visual art.

Louis Aragon was a French poet and writer for several revolutionary and avant-garde journals. He was involved with Dada in Paris before helping found Surrealism in 1924.

Richard Morris Hunt is widely credited with transforming American architectural design and became one of the most recognized architects in America.

Lowry is perhaps England's most instantly recognizable painter whose signature "matchstick men" go about their business within industrial backgrounds.

Peter Halley is an abstract artist known for his geometric paintings with the use of intense day-glo colors.

Stéphane Mallarmé is considered one of the greatest French poets of the later nineteenth century. He was also a champion of many of the avant-garde artists of the time, including the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

The pharmacy mogul Albert Barnes was a philanthropic art collector who built the world famous Barnes Foundation of modern art.

One of the founders of Berlin Dada, Hausmann is credited with formulating the technique of photomontage with his companion Hannah Höch.

Dehner left an indelible mark on twentieth century American sculpture - her most famous pieces are totem-like structures that incorporate abstract symbols and place stress on contour over mass.

Haring brought elements of popular culture to museums and showed how seemingly simple and even cartoon elements of the self-taught may be appreciated.

Duane Hanson was an American artist and sculptor, who worked primarily in Photorealism, a Pop-influenced style. Best known for his uncanny, life-size depictions of solitary tourists, derelicts, and housewives, his work explores social issues and the complexities of American identity.

Del Sarto was the most important Florentine painter of the early 16th century buyilding on Leonardo's sfumato technique by introducing a warmer and more vivid range of colours influencing the later Mannerist style.

Formalism is a critical and creative position which holds that an artwork's value lies in the relationships it establishes between different compositional elements such as color, line, and texture, which ought to be considered apart from all notions of subject-matter or context. Although the term primarily indicates a way of interpreting rather than making art, certain painters and sculptors, from Paul Cézanne to Jackson Pollock, have been associated with a Formalist approach. Originating in the mid-19th century, the ideas of formalism gained currency across the late nineteenth century with the rise of abstraction in painting, reaching new heights in the early 20th century with movements such as Cubism. During the mid-20th century, the North American critic Clement Greenberg defined a Formalist approach with unprecedented levels of detail and rigor. Since then, the term has been associated primarily with him, and with the artists he championed, such as the Abstract Expressionists.

Daniel Spoerri founded Nouveau Réalisme movement, and practiced an existentialist compulsion to directly appropriate reality.

The art critic Lucy Lippard played a key role in the development of Conceptual Art and Feminist Art in the 1960s and 1970s.

The French painter Jean Metzinger was a member of the Section d'Or group of Salon Cubist artist and he co-wrote the first major treatise, Du Cubisme.

Clarke is one of Ireland's greatest modern artists producing legendary stained glass windows and book illustrations.

The architect and artist Alberti is considered the father of Early Renaissance art theory and the archetypal "universal man".

The artist Komar and Melamid subverted the political and cultural systems of their native Soviet Union and later built their art upon their fascination with the vagaries of childhood memory.

Mercedes Matter was an American painter and a leading figure in Abstract Expressionism, working alongside the de Koonings, Pollock, Guston, and Kline. She was also the founder of The New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture.

Influenced by Cubism, American artists like Charles Sheeler and Charles Demuth used precise lines and abstracted planes to depict vernacular architecture and the industrial landscape.

The idiosyncratic artist Richard Artschwager confounded art categories and he excelled in transforming the mundane into objects and images that became both familiar and alien.

The French painter Charles Gleyre was famous for works based on classical parables, and as the teacher of the future Impressionists.

Flemish painter Hans Memling developed the realistic representation of human figures, architectural constructions, and landscapes.

The St Ives School included artists Barbara Hepworth, Naum Gabo, Ben Nicholson, and others, who led to great innovation in British modern painting, sculpture, and ceramics, among other art forms.

Kerry James Marshall has spent his career as an artist working against marginalization, injecting Blackness into the grand narrative of art, seen through his symbolic, allegorical paintings.

Paul Eluard was a French poet, and one of the original participants in the Surrealism movement, forming strong ties with the likes of Breton, Aragon and Ernst.

The phrase "avant-garde" was adapted to apply to the work of artists that worked on the social, political, and cultural revolutionary potential of much modern art.

Jules Bastien-Lepage - or the "painter of peasants" as he was sometime known - expanded the vocabulary of French modernism and naturalism to include rural landscape and portraiture.

Graves is best known as an introspective and intensely spiritual artist who brought the influence of East Asian aesthetics and philosophy to American art.

The Group of Seven, or The Algonquin School, was Canada's first internationally recognized art movement that focused on the beauty of the their country's landscape.

Rogier van der Weyden, important painter of Flemish Northern Renaissance, is celebrated for his ability to represent intense emotions.

French designer Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann revolutionized fine furniture as an art form in and of itself leading the Art Deco movement.

The Academy of Art was the name of institutions in Europe that usually promoted the historical methods of painting and sculpture.

Boyd was one of Australia's most prolific modern artists who's works conveyed his deep concern for humanitarian matters and the natural environment.

The paintings and engravings of The Ancients are amongst the most powerful works of Romantic and naturalistic art produced in Britain during the 19th century.

Tobey was a legendary wanderer of the Americas, Europe, and the Far East in pirsuit of a highly personalized conception of abstract painting.

The African American Edmonia Lewis' sculptures powerfully depicted popular subject matter for 19th century American audiences.

Oscar Wilde was a nineteenth-century Irish poet and playwright, one of the most influential and celebrated. Associated with the Aesthetic Movement, he connected to the visual arts of his time, especially via Whistler and Ruskin.

Kenny Scharf is an American graffiti artist who was an integral member of the 1980s East Village art scene. His colorful paintings depict pop culture figures and science fiction backdrops.

Houdon was the preeminent sculptor of the age of Enlightenment making portraits of greats like Voltaire and George Washington.

One of the founding fathers of Cubism, Gleizes was in equal parts artist, theoretician and philosopher.

Dutch Golden Age painter Pieter de Hooch is renowned for interiors and courtyards featuring sophisticated spatial arrangements and virtuoso atmospheric lighting effects.

The expressionist artist Karl Schmidt-Rottluff was one of the four founding members of the Die Brücke group, that rejected restrictive social and aesthetic conventions.

Félix Vallotton was a major figure of the French avant-garde group Les Nabis. Recognized for his interest in decorative aesthetics, Vallotton painted landscapes, still lifes, and portraits and was heralded for his inventive use of woodcut printing.

Graffiti artist and prankster Banksy utilizes satire, subversion, dark humor to create resonant social, political, and humanist messages.

Painting in the open air was started in the Renaissance, and reached its height by the Impressionists.